Role of Earthworms and Radish for the Remediation of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soil

Author(s) : Humera Aslam, Sara Anum, Talha Shafique, Amjad Ali, Sonum Bashir, Moazzma Anwar, Muhammed Tatar, Eman Fatima, Tooba Khan, Muhammad Awais Fareed, Qaiser Shakeel, Aqleem Abbas

Digital object identifier:

https://doi.org/10.52587/JAF050204

Abstract:

Soil contamination with pesticides and heavy metals due to excessive agricultural and industrial activities. Moreover, soil contamination has become an increasing environmental and public health concern. Effective remediation strategies are essential to restore soil health, reduce toxicity, and promote sustainable agriculture. The role of earthworms and radish (Raphanus sativus) in the phytoremediation of co-contaminated soils, specifically focusing on their abilities to mobilize and accumulate heavy metals and pesticides. Furthermore, earthworms, particularly Eisenia fetida and Pheretima posthuma, are ecological engineers; their activities enhance soil quality and facilitate the bioavailability of contaminants. Through bioturbation and organic matter processing, earthworms increase the accessibility of heavy metals and pesticides to plants, thus boosting phytoremediation potential. Vermitechnology, including vermicomposting, has significantly reduced metal toxicity, enhanced soil enzyme activity, and promoted microbial diversity. Radish plants, known hyperaccumulators, have demonstrated a substantial capacity to absorb metals such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As), as well as pesticides like triazophos and chlorpyrifos, with concentrations highest in the roots and shoots. Findings reveal that combined applications of earthworms and phytoremediation plants can improve the efficiency of contaminant uptake. Specifically, E. fetida exhibited superior performance in increasing metal and pesticide bioavailability to radish compared to P. posthuma. This study suggests that earthworm-assisted phytoremediation using radish is a viable, eco-friendly approach for mitigating soil contamination. Future studies should concentrate on field trials, the influence of different soil kinds, and additional synergistic plant and earthworm species to optimize bioremediation methods.